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1、“not…because…”,有时可否定前面,有时可否定because本身,往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。
In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was;nor,because she had more readers,was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.
2、“so…that,such…that”是一个普通的句型,但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。
The truth is,that in one point of view,this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us,that in some sense we must turn bullies,else the day is lost,or superiority so far beyond us,that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.
3、“by doing…”结构。这个结构的意思是“通过(做)……”,但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义,不少情况下需要灵活变通。
The hippos,by depositing dung in the water,fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.
4、下面例句为一倒装句,主语很长,而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装,翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。
No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.
5、“what…of”句型
I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope:He never passed a fault unamended by indifference,nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do;I write as I can.
6、“疑问词+should…but ”结构,这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为“none…but”,可译为“除了……还有谁会……”,“岂料”,“想不到……竟是……”等。
Who should write it but himself?
7、“who knows but (that)…”和“who could should…but”结构,这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为“多半”,“亦未可知”等等,有时也可直译。
Who knows but(that)he may go?
8、“祈使句+and”和“祈使句+or”结构,“祈使句+and”表示“If…you…”,“祈使名+or”表示“if…not…you”。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.
9、“名词+and”结构,在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间。
A word,and he would lose his temper.
10、“as…,so…”结构,这里的“so”的意思是“in the same way”(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。
As rust eats iron,so care eats the heart.
6、“if any”结构,“if any”和“if ever”,意思是“果真有……”,“即使有……”,表示加强语气。与此类似的还有:“if anything”(如有不同的话,如果稍有区别),“if a day”(=at least,至少)。
There is little,if any,hope.
7、“be it ever(never)so”和“let it be ever(never)so”结构,这里,“be it”中的“be”是古英语假设语气的遗留形式,现代英语则使用“let it be”。“ever so”和“never so”都表示同一意思,都表示“very”。
Be it ever so humble(let it be ever so humble),home is home.
8、“the last+不定式”和“the last +定语从词”结构,这种结构中的“last”意思是“the least likely”,用于否定性推论。可译为“最不大可能的”,“最不合适的”,由原意的“最后一个……”变成“最不可能……的一个”。
He is the last man to accept a bride.
9、“so…that…”句型,这个句型的意思是“如此……,以致于……”,但在翻译成汉语时,许多情况下,并不是一定要译成“如此……以致于……”,而是变通表达其含义。
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
10、“more + than+原级形容词(副词)”结构,这是将不同性质加以比较,其中的“more”有“rather”的意思。
It is more than probable that he will fall.
1、“more than +动词”结构,这种结构表示动词的程度,可译为“异常”,“岂止”,“十二分地”等。
This more than satisfied me.
2、“good and …”的副词用法,译为“非常”,“很”等。类似还有“nice and …”,“fine and …”,“lovely and …”,“bright and …”,“rare and …”,“big and …”等,均表示程度。
The apples are good and ripe.
3、“and that”结构,这个“and that”应译为“而且……”,表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强,“that”代表前面的整个陈述部分。
Return to your work ,and that at once.
4、“at once…and”结构,这个结构译为“既……又……”,起相关连接的作用,相当于“both…and…”。
The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.
5、“in that…”结构,这个结构的意思是“在那一点上(方面)”,可译为“因为”。类似的结构还有“in this…”。
The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.
6、“the name notwithstanding”结构,这个结构中“notwithstanding”是介词,这个介词可以置前,可以置后,比如也可写成:“notwithstanding the name”。起让步状语的作用。
Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.
7、“Every…not”和“All…not”结构,“Every…not”表示“不见得每个……都是……”:“All…not”表示“不见得所有……都是……”的意思。
Every man is not polite,and all are not born gentlemen.
8、“may as well not…as”结构,此结构可译为“与其……不如不……”。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.
9、“have only to …do”结构,此结构表示“只须(消)……就能……”的意思。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.
10、“not (no) …unless…”句型
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.
1、It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.
2、强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important,but how he rules us.
3、“All+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”(very+形容词)
He was all gentleness to her.
4、利用词汇重复表示强调
A crime is a crime a crime.
5、“something(much)of”和“nothing(little)of” “something of”相当于“to some extent”,表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中,则为“anything of ”,可译为“有点”,“略微”等。译为“毫无”,“全无”。much of译为“大有”,not much of可译为“算不上”,“称不上”,little of可译为“几乎无”,something like译为“有点像,略似”。
They say that he had no university education,but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6、同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,“of”以及它前面的名词构成一个形容词短语,以修饰“of”后面的那个名词。如“her old sharper of a father”,可译为:“她那骗子般的父亲”。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7、as…as…can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.
8、“It is in(with)…as in(with)”
It is in life as in a journey.
9、“as good as…”相等于,就像,几乎如;实际上,其实,实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy,that he would adopt him.
10、“many as well…as”和“might as well …as” “many as well…as”可译为“与其……,不如……,更好”,“以这样做……为宜”,“如同……,也可以……”等等。“might as well …as”表示不可能的事,可译为“犹如……”,“可与……一样荒唐”,“与其那样不如这样的好”等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
1、“to make…of”的译法(使……成为……,把……当作)
I will make a scientist of my son.
2、“too…+不定式”,“not(never)too…+不定式”,“too…not+不定式”
She is too angry to speak.
3、“only(not,all,but,never)too …to do so”和“too ready (apt)+ to do”结构中,不定式也没有否定意义,凡是“not”,“all”,“but”等字后+“too…to”,不定式都失去了否定意义,在“too ready(apt)+to do”结构中,不定式也没有否定意义。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
4、“no more …than…”句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
5、“not so much…as”和“not so much as …”结构。“not so much…as”=“not so much as …”,其中as有进可换用but rather,可译为:“与其说是……毋须说是……”。而“not so much as”=“without(not)even”,可译为“甚至……还没有”。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
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